Agreements for the avoidance of double taxation and prevention of fiscal evasion

(1) The Federal Government may enter into a tax treaty, a tax information exchange agreement, a multilateral convention, an inter- governmental agreement or similar agreement or mechanism for the avoidance of double taxation or assistance in the recovery of taxes or for the exchange of information for the prevention of fiscal evasion or avoidance of taxes including automatic and spontaneous exchange of information with respect to taxes on income imposed under this Ordinance or any other law for the time being in force and under the corresponding laws in force in that country and may, by notification in the official Gazette, make such provisions as may be necessary for implementing the said instruments.; and (1A) Notwithstanding anything contained in any other law to the contrary, the Board shall have the powers to obtain and collect information when solicited by another country under a tax treaty, a tax information exchange agreement, a multilateral convention, an inter-governmental agreement, a similar arrangement or mechanism.
(1B) Notwithstanding the provisions of the Freedom of Information Ordinance, 2002 (XCVI of 2002), subject to clause (a) of sub-section (3) of section 216 of this Ordinance any information received or supplied, and any concomitant communication or correspondence made, under a tax treaty, a tax information exchange agreement, a multilateral convention, a similar arrangement or mechanism, shall be confidential .
(2) Subject to section 109, where any agreement is made in accordance with sub-section (1), the agreement and the provisions made by notification for implementing the agreement shall, notwithstanding anything contained in any law for the time being in force, have effect in so far as they provide for at least one of the following –
(a) relief from the tax payable under this Ordinance;
(b) the determination of the Pakistan-source income of non- resident persons;
(c) where all the operations of a business are not carried on within Pakistan, the determination of the income attributable to operations carried on within and outside Pakistan, or the income chargeable to tax in Pakistan in the hands of non-resident persons, including their agents, branches, and permanent establishments in Pakistan;
(d) the determination of the income to be attributed to any resident person having a special relationship with a non-resident person; and (e) the exchange of information for the prevention of fiscal evasion or avoidance of taxes on income chargeable under this Ordinance and under the corresponding laws in force in that other country.
(3) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-sections
(1) or (2), any agreement referred to in sub-section (1) may include provisions for the relief from tax for any period before the commencement of this Ordinance or before the making of the agreement. ANTI-AVOIDANCE